Criminal cases involve enforcing criminal laws, with the state prosecuting individuals who are alleged to have violated those laws. In a criminal case, the government brings charges against the person alleged to have committed the crime. If the charge carries a jail or prison sentence, that person may be incarcerated if convicted. Read More >>
Civil cases involve conflicts between people or institutions such as businesses. A civil case begins when problems between parties can't be solved outside of the courts. In civil cases, one (or more) of these persons or institutions sues another in court. Common civil cases are divorces and related lawsuits (child support, custody), breach of contract cases, and car accident cases. Civil cases typically involve suing for money damages.
In a civil case, the burden of proof is preponderance of the evidence. If the evidence scale tips in favor of one party over the other, they win. In a criminal case, however, the burden of proof is beyond a reasonable doubt. It is the highest burden under the law. The law says if the state wants to take away your liberty, they have to prove their case with enough evidence as to leave NO reasonable doubt. One reasonable doubt will result in a “not guilty” conviction (it's not a matter of just tipping the scales in favor of the state).
The taking away of your liberty is so serious, that the United States Constitution provides that if the state is charging you with a crime that carries a jail sentence, you are entitled to be represented by an attorney. If you are unable to afford your own attorney, one will be appointed for you. This is a fundamental right. In a civil case, you are not entitled to a court-appointed lawyer!
In addition to the seriousness of criminal charges, the procedures, rules, and laws governing criminal cases are very complex. As a result, you cannot risk representing yourself in a criminal case! Hire an attorney or get one appointed to you. Your liberty is at stake.